Kouristushäiriöitä

Kouristushäiriöitä, commonly known as seizure disorders or epilepsy, are a group of neurological conditions characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. A seizure is a transient disturbance of brain function caused by abnormal, excessive, or synchronous neuronal activity. These episodes can manifest in a wide variety of ways, ranging from brief lapses of attention to prolonged convulsive movements.

The underlying causes of kouristushäiriöitä are diverse. They can include genetic predispositions, brain injuries such as those from trauma or stroke, infections like meningitis or encephalitis, and developmental abnormalities of the brain. In some instances, the cause remains unknown, a condition termed idiopathic epilepsy.

Diagnosis typically involves a detailed medical history, neurological examination, and often an electroencephalogram (EEG) to record brain activity. Imaging techniques like MRI or CT scans may also be used to identify structural abnormalities.

Treatment aims to control seizures and improve quality of life. Antiepileptic medications are the primary form of treatment, with the goal of finding a drug or combination of drugs that effectively suppresses seizures with minimal side effects. For individuals whose seizures are not controlled by medication, other options such as surgery, dietary therapies (like the ketogenic diet), or neurostimulation devices may be considered. Management also involves education about the condition, lifestyle adjustments, and support for individuals and their families.