Kostochondritis

kostochondritis, sometimes spelled kostochondritis and more commonly known as costochondritis, is an inflammation of the costal cartilage where the ribs meet the sternum. It causes chest wall pain that is usually localized and tender to touch. The pain can be sharp or aching and is often aggravated by movement, deep breathing, coughing, or palpation of the chest area.

Most cases have no clear single cause. Possible triggers include minor chest trauma, repetitive strain from heavy lifting or vigorous activity, and recent viral infections. The condition can occur at any age but is more frequently diagnosed in adolescents and young adults. Tietze syndrome is a related condition that also involves swelling at the costochondral junction.

Diagnosis is based on history and examination. A key feature is reproducible chest wall tenderness when the affected area is pressed. Because chest pain can mimic heart or lung problems, clinicians may perform tests such as an electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, or blood tests to rule out lifesaving conditions or other illnesses when indicated. Imaging is not usually necessary for a straightforward presentation.

Treatment focuses on symptom relief. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or acetaminophen can reduce pain and inflammation. Rest and avoidance of activities that worsen the pain are often recommended. In persistent cases, local corticosteroid injections or physical therapy may help. Most people recover within weeks to months, though recurrence is possible.

Seek urgent care if chest pain is accompanied by shortness of breath, fainting, sweating, or other signs suggestive of a heart or lung problem.