Korhadó

Korhadó is a Hungarian adjective meaning decayed or rotted. In ecology, forestry and wood science, it refers to organic material that has undergone decay, most commonly wood, but also leaf litter, roots and other plant tissues. The process of decay is called korhadás, and it is driven by microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria, as well as detritivores. Moisture, temperature and oxygen availability influence the rate of korhadás.

In wood, korhadás is typically caused by fungi, including brown-rot and white-rot species, and less commonly by bacteria or invertebrates. Signs of korhadó wood include color changes, softening or crumbling textures, powdery or spongy internal structure, and sometimes a musty odor. High moisture content and prolonged exposure to damp conditions accelerate the process. Korhadó wood loses mechanical strength and dimensional stability, making it less suitable for load-bearing applications.

Ecologically, korhadó wood plays a critical role in nutrient cycling and habitat creation. Decaying trunks and branches contribute organic matter to the soil, improve soil structure, and support diverse communities of fungi, insects, mosses and other organisms. Dead wood is regarded as an important biodiversity resource in forests and urban green spaces.

In practical terms, preventing unwanted korhadás in construction and timber involves moisture control, proper drying, and protective treatments for exposed wood. In conservation and forest management, allowing or encouraging natural korhadó processes can enhance habitat complexity and long-term ecosystem functioning.