Konjunktiivne

Konjunktiivne mood, or subjunctive mood, is a grammatical category used to express attitudes toward an action rather than to state that the action itself is real. It typically denotes non-real, hypothetical, desired, possible, or uncertain events and usually appears in subordinate clauses after verbs of desire, doubt, emotion, necessity, or after certain conjunctions that introduce content judged not as fact.

Forms and usage vary across languages. In many languages with a distinct subjunctive, there are one or more tenses such as present and past (imperfect) subjunctives, sometimes with additional forms like a pluperfect subjunctive. Subjunctive forms may involve special endings, stem changes, or they may coincide with indicative forms in some contexts. The subjunctive is generally contrasted with the indicative mood, which marks factual statements, and with other moods such as the conditional or imperative, which express different modal meanings. In Romance languages, the subjunctive is widely used in subordinate clauses after expressions of desire, doubt, necessity, or after clauses introduced by that/if. In English, the present subjunctive uses the base form of the verb in certain contexts: “It is essential that he be present.” The past subjunctive is often realized as “were” in hypothetical conditions: “If I were taller, I would climb higher.”

Because its form and function differ by language, the exact use of the Konjunktiivne mood is language-specific. It is a key tool for expressing modality, speaker attitude, and non-factual reality in many linguistic systems.