Komplikationsrisk

Komplikationsrisk, or complication risk, refers to the probability that adverse events or complications occur as a result of a medical procedure, treatment, or disease progression. It is typically expressed as a probability or described qualitatively as low, moderate, or high.

Factors influencing komplikationsrisk include patient-related factors (age, comorbidities, functional status), disease characteristics (stage, severity), procedure-related factors (type, invasiveness, duration, anesthesia), and health-system factors (care setting, team experience). Many risks are modifiable through preoperative optimization, vaccination, or guideline-concordant care.

Assessment methods combine clinical judgment with formal risk scores. Widely used tools include ASA Physical Status, Charlson Comorbidity Index, POSSUM, and procedure-specific risk calculators. Estimates may describe absolute risk or relative risk and should be communicated clearly to patients during informed consent.

Common contexts include surgery under anesthesia (bleeding, infection, thromboembolism), pharmacotherapy (adverse drug reactions), obstetrics (hemorrhage, preeclampsia), and dentistry (nerve injury, infection). Risk reduction strategies include patient optimization, aseptic technique, prophylaxis when indicated, careful technique, and close perioperative monitoring.

Limitations: risiko is probabilistic and varies with population. Individual risk prediction is imperfect, and estimates depend on data used. Ongoing research aims to improve accuracy and personalize risk assessment.