Kollektivista

Kollektivista, or collectivist, refers to a person who subscribes to collectivism, a social, political, or economic doctrine that prioritizes the group over the individual and supports collective ownership, management, or decision-making of resources and institutions.

Collectivism can be understood in several overlapping strands. Economic collectivism advocates common ownership or control of the means of production—such as land, factories, and infrastructure—often through state ownership, cooperatives, or community stewardship. Political collectivism emphasizes governance by groups or deliberative bodies rather than by individuals alone, sometimes through centralized planning or council-based systems. Cultural or social collectivism stresses obligations to the group, such as family, community, or nation, and views group welfare as guiding behavior and policy.

Historically, collectivist ideas emerged in opposition to liberal and individualist frameworks in the 19th and 20th centuries and were central to many socialist and communist movements. Variants have been implemented with different aims and degrees, from worker cooperatives and participatory economics to state-led planned economies. In practice, outcomes have varied widely, with debates focusing on efficiency, innovation, and personal freedoms versus equality and social security.

In contemporary usage, the term can describe ideological positions, political parties, or policy programs that emphasize collective responsibility, public provision of services, and social solidarity. It is distinct from cultural descriptions of collectivist societies and from individualist orientations, though both can coexist within a single country or community. See also collectivism, socialism, communism, and the cooperative movement.