Kolerës

Kolerës, known in English as cholera, is a diarrheal illness caused by infection with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is typically transmitted through ingestion of water or food contaminated with feces from an infected person. Many infections are mild or asymptomatic, but some cause abrupt onset of profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps, which can lead to rapid dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Severe dehydration can result in shock and death if not treated promptly.

Diagnosis is usually clinical, especially during suspected outbreaks, and may be confirmed by stool culture or rapid diagnostic tests. Treatment centers on rapid rehydration, primarily with oral rehydration solution (ORS); in cases of severe dehydration, intravenous fluids and electrolyte replacement are necessary. Antibiotics can reduce the duration and volume of diarrhea in some patients, and zinc supplementation is recommended for children. Anti-motility drugs are generally avoided in active cholera.

Prevention focuses on access to safe drinking water, adequate sanitation, good hygiene, and proper food handling. In addition, oral cholera vaccines are used in high-risk settings and during outbreaks as part of control measures. Public health efforts emphasize early detection, rapid response, and education about safe water and food practices.

Cholera has caused numerous outbreaks since the 19th century and remains a public health concern in areas with limited water and sanitation infrastructure. Effective prevention and timely treatment are key to reducing morbidity and mortality.