Kognitivismil

Kognitivismil, often referred to as cognitivism, is a theoretical perspective in psychology and education that emerged in the mid-20th century, largely as a reaction against behaviorism. It focuses on understanding the mental processes involved in learning, such as perception, memory, problem-solving, and language acquisition. Instead of solely observing outward behavior, cognitivism seeks to explore the internal workings of the mind, viewing the learner as an active processor of information.

Key tenets of cognitivism include the idea that knowledge is acquired through internal mental structures and processes. Learning is seen as a change in these mental structures, rather than a simple change in observable behavior. Information is often conceptualized as being encoded, stored, and retrieved from memory. Cognitive psychologists use metaphors like the computer to describe how the mind processes information, involving input, processing, storage, and output.

This perspective emphasizes the importance of understanding how individuals construct their own knowledge and make meaning from their experiences. Strategies like problem-solving, critical thinking, and metacognition (thinking about one's own thinking) are central to cognitive approaches to learning. Educational applications of cognitivism include instructional design that considers memory limitations, promotes meaningful learning by connecting new information to existing knowledge, and encourages active engagement with the material. The focus is on helping learners develop effective strategies for acquiring, organizing, and applying knowledge.