Knochenerweichung

Knochenerweichung, also known as osteoporosis, is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and a higher risk of fracture. It is a progressive condition that typically affects postmenopausal women, but it can also occur in men and premenopausal women. The primary cause of osteoporosis is a imbalance between bone resorption and formation, with resorption exceeding formation, leading to a net loss of bone tissue.

Osteoporosis is often asymptomatic in its early stages, making it difficult to detect. However, it can be identified through bone mineral density (BMD) measurements using techniques such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Risk factors for osteoporosis include age, gender, family history, low body weight, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, and certain medical conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and hyperthyroidism.

The diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on BMD measurements and the presence of risk factors. Treatment options for osteoporosis include lifestyle modifications such as a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, regular weight-bearing exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol. Pharmacological treatments may also be prescribed, including bisphosphonates, hormone therapy (for postmenopausal women), and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Regular monitoring and follow-up are essential to manage osteoporosis and prevent fractures.