Kloakkontakt

Kloakkontakt refers to exposure to sewage or wastewater, including direct contact with contaminated water, skin contact, mucous membranes, or inhalation of aerosols. It can occur in occupational settings such as wastewater treatment plants, sewer maintenance, and plumbing, as well as during domestic events like sewer backups or flooding.

Pathogens in sewage include bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Shigella; viruses such as norovirus and hepatitis A; and parasites such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Exposure can cause gastrointestinal illness, skin infections, eye or respiratory irritation, and, in some cases, systemic infections such as leptospirosis.

Transmission routes include percutaneous exposure to contaminated water through cuts or abrasions, ingestion of contaminated water, and inhalation of aerosols generated by splashes or spraying. Workers in wastewater and sanitation sectors are at highest risk; domestic exposure is common during floods, heavy rainfall, or sewer backups.

Prevention emphasizes hygiene, engineering controls, and appropriate personal protective equipment. Use waterproof gloves and boots, impermeable clothing, eye protection, and proper handwashing after contact; vaccination against hepatitis A where recommended; prompt cleaning of contaminated skin; disinfection of tools and surfaces. Public health measures include proper sewer infrastructure, backflow prevention, and wastewater treatment to reduce exposure risks.

In case of exposure, seek medical advice, monitor for symptoms, and report to occupational health services as needed.