Kimmokeresistivejä

Kimmokeresistivejä are materials that exhibit a change in electrical resistance when subjected to mechanical strain. This phenomenon is known as kimmokeresistanssi, or piezoresistivity. The resistance change is typically proportional to the applied strain, making these materials useful for sensing applications. The magnitude of the piezoresistive effect varies significantly between different materials.

Commonly, kimmokeresistive materials are metals like silicon, germanium, and alloys such as constantan and nickel-iron (permalloy). Semiconductor materials, particularly silicon, are widely used due to their large piezoresistive coefficients and the ease with which they can be fabricated into micro-devices using integrated circuit technology. Doped semiconductors often show enhanced piezoresistive effects compared to their intrinsic counterparts.

The underlying mechanism for kimmokeresistanssi in metals involves changes in electron scattering due to strain-induced alterations in the material's crystal lattice. In semiconductors, strain affects the band structure and carrier effective mass, leading to changes in mobility and carrier concentration, which in turn alter the resistance.

Kimmokeresistive materials are fundamental components in various sensors, including strain gauges, pressure sensors, accelerometers, and load cells. Their ability to translate mechanical deformation into a measurable electrical signal makes them versatile for a wide range of industrial, automotive, and consumer electronics applications. The development of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) has further expanded the use of kimmokeresistive materials in highly integrated and miniaturized sensor designs.