Keratolytika

Keratolytika are a class of topical medications primarily used in dermatology to treat conditions characterized by excessive keratin buildup in the skin or hair. Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein that forms the outer layer of the skin, nails, and hair, providing protection and structure. When keratin accumulates abnormally, it can lead to symptoms such as dryness, scaling, itching, or difficulty in removing dead skin cells, which is common in conditions like ichthyosis, psoriasis, or seborrheic dermatitis.

The primary mechanism of action of keratolytika involves weakening the bonds between keratinized cells, facilitating their shedding. This process is achieved through the action of active ingredients such as urea, lactic acid, salicylic acid, or sulfur. Urea, for example, increases water retention in the skin, softening keratinized layers, while salicylic acid dissolves keratin directly. Other compounds like glycolic acid and retinoids may also be included to enhance exfoliation and promote cell turnover.

Keratolytika are commonly applied as creams, lotions, or solutions and are typically prescribed for short-term use to prevent complications such as ingrown toenails, corns, or severe skin irritation. Overuse or improper application can lead to skin damage, so adherence to prescribed dosages and instructions is essential. Some formulations may also contain anti-inflammatory agents to reduce accompanying symptoms like redness or swelling.

In addition to medical treatments, keratolytika can be found in over-the-counter skincare products, particularly those targeting dry skin, acne-prone areas, or foot care. However, individuals with sensitive skin or underlying dermatological conditions should consult a healthcare professional before use to ensure safety and effectiveness. Proper maintenance, including regular moisturizing and gentle exfoliation, often complements the use of keratolytika to sustain skin health.