Karyotípus
Karyotípus is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. It is typically represented as a karyogram, a visual arrangement of chromosomes ordered by size, centromere position, and banding pattern. A karyotípus reflects both the chromosomal complement and structural features such as translocations, deletions, inversions, or duplications.
In humans, somatic cells normally contain 46 chromosomes: 22 autosome pairs and 1 pair of sex chromosomes
Obtaining a karyotípus involves culturing cells (often lymphocytes or fetal cells) to obtain metaphase chromosomes. Cells
Applications include prenatal diagnosis through amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling, investigation of infertility, and cancer cytogenetics,