Kartoj

Kartoj, or playing cards, are small rectangular pieces used in a broad range of games, gambling, magic, and collecting. A standard deck for most non-specialized games contains 52 cards divided into four suits. Each suit has 13 ranks: Ace through King. The typical court cards are the Jack, Queen, and King, while the numbered cards show pips. Many decks also include one or two Jokers, which can serve as wild cards or as unique cards in certain games.

History and design: Playing cards originated in Asia and reached Europe by the late Middle Ages, evolving in form as they spread. The four-suit, French-style design (hearts, diamonds, clubs, spades) became dominant in many regions, and the 52-card deck became standard. By the 19th and 20th centuries, mass production and plastic coatings improved durability and accessibility.

Variations: In addition to standard playing cards, Tarot decks with 78 cards are used for divination in some traditions. Collectible or trading cards, including sports and entertainment cards, are designed for collection rather than play. Flashcards are used for education.

Use: Card games include trick-taking games such as bridge and spades, matching games like memory, shedding games like crazy eights, as well as poker and other gambling games. Cards are also used in magic performances and in the growing field of cardistry, which focuses on card handling and flourishes.

Manufacture and design: Modern decks vary in size, material (paper stock or plastic), finishes, and artwork. Producers often tailor packaging and branding for different regions and audiences.