Kardiologiya

Kardiologiya is the medical specialty dedicated to the study, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases and disorders of the heart and blood vessels. It is a branch of internal medicine. Cardiologists focus on conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, valvular heart disease, and congenital heart defects. The field encompasses both preventive care and the management of acute and chronic cardiovascular conditions.

The practice of kardiologiya involves a range of diagnostic tools and procedures. These include electrocardiograms (ECG or EKG) to assess electrical activity, echocardiograms to visualize heart structure and function, stress tests to evaluate the heart's response to exertion, and cardiac catheterization to examine blood flow through the coronary arteries. Advanced imaging techniques like cardiac MRI and CT scans are also utilized.

Treatment strategies in kardiologiya vary widely depending on the specific condition. They can include lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes and exercise, pharmacological interventions with medications to control blood pressure, cholesterol, and heart rhythm, and interventional procedures. Interventional cardiology, a subspecialty, involves minimally invasive techniques like angioplasty and stenting to open blocked arteries. Electrophysiology focuses on heart rhythm disorders, often employing pacemakers or defibrillators and ablation procedures. Cardiac surgery, while a separate discipline, works closely with kardiologiya for conditions requiring surgical repair or bypass. The ultimate goal is to improve cardiovascular health and reduce morbidity and mortality associated with heart disease.