Karbonfibre

Karbonfibre (English: carbon fibre or carbon fiber) refers to fibers composed predominantly of carbon atoms arranged in a crystalline structure. Individual filaments are typically 5–10 micrometres in diameter and are bundled into yarns that are combined with matrices to form carbon-fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRP) and other composite materials. The most common precursor is polyacrylonitrile (PAN), though pitch and rayon may also be used; production involves stabilization, carbonization, and sometimes graphitization, followed by surface treatments and sizing.

Karbonfibre is prized for its high strength-to-weight ratio, high stiffness, low thermal expansion, and good fatigue resistance. It can also exhibit electrical conductivity and high temperature stability depending on processing. Typical forms include unidirectional tapes, woven fabrics, and pre-impregnated (prepreg) materials, which allow designers to tailor properties to specific load paths.

Applications span aerospace, automotive, sporting goods, wind energy, civil engineering, and medical devices, where weight reduction and performance are critical. Drawbacks include higher cost compared with alternatives such as glass fibre, relative brittleness, difficulty in machining and repair, and challenges in recycling and end-of-life management. Environmental concerns focus on energy-intensive production and limited large-scale recycling options, though research into thermoplastic matrices and recovery processes is ongoing.

Karbonfibre technology continues to evolve, balancing performance advantages with manufacturing innovations and sustainability efforts.