Kantapohjat

Kantapohjat are the heel regions of the human foot. In Finnish anatomy, kantapohja refers to the posterior part of the foot that bears weight and serves as the anchor for soft tissue structures. The region comprises the calcaneus (the heel bone), the thick plantar fat pad, the plantar fascia (plantar aponeurosis), and the insertion of the Achilles tendon.

Anatomy: The calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone; the tuber calcanei is the posterior prominence where the Achilles tendon attaches. The sustentaculum tali supports the medial arch. The plantar fascia originates from the medial calcaneal tubercle, contributing to the arch’s stability. The heel pad provides cushioning and helps distribute pressure during contact with the ground.

Function: Kantapohjat bear body weight, absorb shock during walking and running, and act as a lever during push-off. The Achilles tendon connects the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles to the posterior calcaneus, enabling plantarflexion of the foot.

Clinical significance: Heel pain is a common problem in both adults and children. Plantar fasciitis causes tenderness on the plantar surface of the heel, especially near the origin of the plantar fascia. Insertional Achilles tendinopathy produces posterior heel pain where the tendon attaches. Calcaneal spurs may develop in some individuals. In growing children, calcaneal apophysitis (Sever’s disease) can cause heel pain during activity.

Diagnosis and treatment: Evaluation is based on history and physical examination, with imaging (X-ray, ultrasound, MRI) as needed. Management includes rest, ice, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, orthotics or supportive footwear, and a gradual program of stretching and strengthening. Persistent cases may require injections or, rarely, surgery.