Kaliumerhöhung

Kaliumerhöhung, also known as hyperkalemia, refers to an elevated level of potassium in the blood. Potassium is an essential mineral involved in various physiological processes, including nerve function, muscle contraction, and maintaining the body's fluid and electrolyte balance. Normal blood potassium levels typically range from 3.5 to 5.0 millimoles per liter (mmol/L). Values exceeding this range, especially above 5.5 mmol/L, are considered indicative of hyperkalemia.

The causes of kaliumerhöhung are diverse and can include impaired kidney function, as the kidneys are primarily responsible for potassium excretion. Other causes include excessive intake of potassium through diet or supplements, certain medications such as potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and conditions like adrenal insufficiency or metabolic acidosis. In some cases, tissue breakdown due to trauma, burns, or hemolysis can also release significant amounts of potassium into the bloodstream.

Symptoms of hyperkalemia may be mild or absent initially, but severe cases can lead to symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, irregular heartbeat (arrhythmias), or even cardiac arrest. Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure potassium levels and may include additional assessments to identify underlying causes.

Treatment depends on the severity and underlying cause of the hyperkalemia. Mild elevations often require dietary modifications or adjustments of medications. In more serious cases, interventions such as administration of calcium gluconate, insulin with glucose, or potassium binders may be necessary. In cases of kidney failure, dialysis might be indicated.

Preventing kaliumerhöhung involves managing risk factors, regular monitoring in vulnerable populations, and appropriate medication management. Proper medical evaluation is essential for diagnosis and tailored treatment.

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