Kalittokai

Kalittokai is an anthology of Tamil poetry, considered one of the eight anthologies of Sangam literature. It is composed of 400 poems, divided into five sections: Akam (interior love poems) and Puram (exterior poems on war, ethics, and public life). The Akam poems are further categorized into Mullai, Marutam, Neithal, Palai, and Kurinji, reflecting different landscapes and emotional states. The Puram poems are grouped into Cetimulai, Utirirumulai, and Perumulai.

The authorship of Kalittokai is attributed to several poets, with the majority of the Akam poems credited to Nallanthuvanar. The poems are characterized by their distinct meter, known as Kalithuṟai, which is more complex and rhythmic than other Sangam meters. This meter contributes to the musicality and expressive power of the verses. The themes explored in Kalittokai are diverse, encompassing the joys and sorrows of love, the complexities of human relationships, the duties of kings, and the virtues of individuals.

Kalittokai provides valuable insights into the social, cultural, and political life of ancient Tamil society. Its vivid imagery and emotional depth have made it a cherished work of Tamil literature, studied and appreciated for centuries. The poems often employ metaphors and similes drawn from nature to convey profound human experiences, making them relatable across different eras. The collection serves as a testament to the rich literary tradition of the Sangam period.