sorrows

Sorrow refers to a deep emotional state marked by distress, unhappiness, or grief, typically in response to loss, disappointment, or misfortune. The word derives from Old English sorg, related to German sorg and other Germanic roots that conveyed care or distress. Sorrow can be experienced individually or within a community, and its intensity and duration vary widely.

Causes of sorrow include bereavement, the end of a relationship, serious illness or injury, and other significant life changes. Physiological and cognitive signs may include tearfulness, a heavy sensation in the chest, slowed thinking, and rumination about what has been lost. Sorrow can occur alongside other emotions such as anger, guilt, or relief, and it may evolve into broader forms of mourning or grief.

Coping with sorrow often involves social support, talking about the loss, participating in rituals or ceremonies, preserving memories, creative expression, and, when needed, professional counseling. In many cases, sorrow is a natural phase in adapting to change, though prolonged or severe sorrow can contribute to mood difficulties if it interferes with daily functioning.

Cultural and literary contexts frequently address sorrow as a central human experience, using it to explore vulnerability, meaning, and resilience. In psychology, sorrow is distinguished from related terms such as sadness (a broader, milder mood), grief (a sustained response to loss), and melancholy (a persistent or pervasive mood).