KSBs

KSBs, an acronym for Knowledge, Skills, and Behaviours, is a framework used in human resources and performance management to describe the competencies required for effective job performance. Knowledge refers to the theoretical or factual information an individual holds about a domain, such as an understanding of financial regulations for an accountant. Skills are the procedural abilities or techniques that enable the application of knowledge, like proficiency in Excel or the ability to conduct a risk assessment. Behaviours encompass personal attributes and attitudes that influence how a task is approached, including teamwork, communication, and problem‑solving orientation.

Employers often use KSBs to inform recruitment, training, and appraisal processes. A job description may list essential and desirable KSBs, providing a clear benchmark for candidates and employees. During performance reviews, managers assess how well individuals demonstrate each KSB, allowing targeted development plans. Training programs are frequently designed around missing or weak KSBs to raise overall competency levels.

KSBs can be grouped into classifications such as technical KSBs, which are highly task‑specific, and generic KSBs, which are transferable across roles. Health and safety, for example, is a technical knowledge area, while leadership and decision‑making fall under generic behaviours. Some organisations adopt competency models that map KSBs onto job grades or competency levels, creating a structured progression pathway for career development.

The KSB framework aligns with broader competency management theories and supports evidence‑based HR practices. By explicitly identifying what is required for success, organisations can align recruitment, learning, and performance management with strategic goals, improving workforce performance and reducing skill gaps.