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Jähmettyneisyyteen, often translated as catatonia or frozenness, refers to a state of psychomotor disturbance. It is characterized by a profound lack of movement, speech, and responsiveness to the environment. Individuals in this state may remain motionless for extended periods, exhibiting a rigidity that is not attributable to external physical forces. This can manifest as waxy flexibility, where limbs can be moved by another person and will remain in the new position.

Catatonia is not a diagnosis in itself but rather a syndrome that can occur in association with various psychiatric and medical conditions. Historically, it was often linked to schizophrenia, but it is now recognized as a feature of mood disorders, particularly severe depression and bipolar disorder. It can also be a symptom of neurological conditions, medical illnesses, or substance intoxication or withdrawal.

The presentation of catatonia can vary. Some individuals may exhibit stupor, while others might display agitated or purposeless motor activity. Speech can be absent, reduced, or characterized by echolalia (repeating others' words) or mutism. Changes in volition, such as negativism (resisting instructions) or stereotypies (repetitive, purposeless movements), are also common.

Diagnosis requires careful observation and assessment of psychomotor activity, alongside ruling out other potential causes. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying condition and may involve medications such as benzodiazepines or antipsychotics, as well as supportive care. In some cases, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can be highly effective. Prompt recognition and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing complications associated with prolonged immobility.