Itijo

Itijo is a traditional Japanese string instrument that belongs to the family of zithers. It is primarily used in the performance of min'yō, or Japanese folk songs, as well as in classical music traditions. The name "itijo" is derived from the Japanese words for "string" (ito) and "zither" (jo), though it is sometimes also referred to as the shamisen in certain regional contexts, though the shamisen is a distinct instrument with three strings and a longer neck.

The itijo typically features a pear-shaped body made from wood, such as hinoki (Japanese cypress) or sugi (Japanese cedar), which contributes to its resonant and warm tone. It has a short neck with movable frets, allowing for a wide range of pitches and expressive playing techniques. The instrument usually has between four and seven strings, though the most common version has five or six. The strings are traditionally made from silk or nylon, though modern variations may use synthetic materials.

Itijo is played with a plectrum, often made of tortoiseshell, horn, or plastic, held between the thumb and index finger. The player uses a combination of plucking and strumming techniques to produce melodic and rhythmic patterns. Its sound is soft and mellow, making it well-suited for intimate performances, often accompanied by vocalists or other traditional instruments like the shakuhachi (bamboo flute) or koto (long zither).

The itijo has historical roots in the nō theater tradition, where it was used to accompany nōgaku (classical Noh drama) music. Over time, it has also been incorporated into modern Japanese folk music and experimental compositions. While less widely known than other Japanese instruments like the shamisen or koto, the itijo remains an important part of Japan’s musical heritage, valued for its versatility and expressive capabilities.