Isbjørn

Isbjørn is the Norwegian name for the polar bear, Ursus maritimus. The word is formed from is (ice) and bjørn (bear). Polar bears inhabit the Arctic, with a circumpolar distribution across Canada, Greenland, Norway (Svalbard), Russia, and Alaska.

Physically, polar bears have a thick layer of fat and dense, translucent fur that appears white. A black skin under the fur helps absorb heat. Adults are large and highly adapted to life on sea ice, where they spend much of their time hunting and traveling. Their size and strength enable them to cover large distances in harsh, cold environments and to swim between ice floes.

Ecology and behavior: polar bears are apex predators that rely largely on seals for food. They hunt by waiting at breathing holes in the ice or by stalking seals along the ice edge. They are strong swimmers and can cover long distances in cold waters to find food or mates. Diet varies by region but seals remain the primary source of calories.

Reproduction: mating occurs on the sea ice in spring. After a period of delayed implantation, cubs are born in a snow-filled den during the winter. Litters typically consist of one to three cubs. Cubs remain with the mother for about two years or more, learning essential survival skills before becoming independent.

Conservation status: the IUCN lists the polar bear as vulnerable, with an estimated global population of about 22,000–31,000 individuals. Major threats include loss of sea ice due to climate change, along with pollution and potential human-wildlife conflict. Conservation efforts emphasize habitat protection, sustainable hunting practices, and climate change mitigation.

Human interaction: isbjørner are significant in indigenous cultures and Arctic wildlife research, and they attract tourism and scientific interest. Ethical considerations in monitoring and protecting their habitat remain important.