Iraku

Iraku is a country located in Western Asia, commonly known in English as Iraq. It borders Jordan and Saudi Arabia to the south and west, Kuwait to the southeast, Iran to the east, Turkey to the north, and Syria to the northwest, with a coastline along the Persian Gulf in the south. The population is estimated at around 43 million. The two largest ethnic groups are Arabs and Kurds, with smaller communities of Turkmen, Assyrians and others. The official languages are Arabic and Kurdish.

Iraku lies in the historic region of Mesopotamia, the cradle of civilization, home to ancient sites such as Ur, Uruk and Babylon. In the modern era, the area formed the core of the Kingdom of Iraq after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and a British mandate. The state achieved independence in 1932, underwent cycles of conflict and reform, and after the 2003 US-led invasion adopted a new constitution in 2005 establishing a federal parliamentary system.

Politically, Iraku is a federal parliamentary republic. The president serves as head of state in a largely ceremonial role, while the prime minister is the head of government and holds most executive powers. The legislature is the unicameral Council of Representatives. The Kurdistan Region, in the north, has its own regional government and parliament, with broad authority over security, education and local affairs, while remaining part of the federal state.

Economically, Iraku relies heavily on oil, which accounts for a large share of government revenue and exports. The country faces ongoing challenges in infrastructure, public services and governance. Culturally, Iraku preserves a rich heritage from ancient Mesopotamian civilizations and has diverse traditions in music, literature, cuisine and religious practices. Major cities include Baghdad (the capital), Basra, Mosul and Erbil.