Interchangeablelens

Interchangeable-lens cameras are imaging devices that use detachable lenses, allowing users to swap lenses to suit different subjects, lighting, or desired aesthetic. This design contrasts with fixed-lens cameras, where the lens is permanently attached to the body. The ability to change lenses has driven diversity in focal lengths, apertures, and optical designs, enabling specialized work in genres such as portrait, landscape, sports, and macro photography.

Key features of interchangeable-lens systems include a dedicated lens mount and a defined flange focal distance, or register. The mount provides mechanical attachment and electrical communication for autofocus, image stabilization, metering, and aperture control. Different camera families use different mounts, such as Canon EF/EF-S, Nikon F, Sony E, Micro Four Thirds, Fujifilm X, Canon RF, and Nikon Z. Lenses from one mount are generally not directly compatible with another without adapters, which may affect autofocus speed or exposure control.

History and market development show that interchangeable-lens cameras originated in the early 20th century with early rangefinder and single-lens reflex designs and evolved into modern digital mirrorless and DSLR systems. In the 2010s, mirrorless cameras with compact bodies and short flange distances expanded the ecosystem, leading to a wide range of lens options and third-party accessories. Today, interchangeable-lens cameras span entry-level to professional models and cover multiple sensor formats, including micro four thirds, APS-C, and full-frame.

Advantages of ILCs include greater creative flexibility, potential for higher image quality through better glass, and longer-term system scalability. Drawbacks can include higher cost, heavier equipment, and the need to manage dust and maintenance during lens changes. Overall, the interchangeable-lens approach remains central to professional and enthusiast photography for its optical and ergonomic versatility.