Insulinfølsomhedsnedsættelse

Insulinfølsomhedsnedsættelse, also known as insulin resistance, is a metabolic condition where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood glucose levels by allowing glucose to enter cells for energy. In insulin resistance, the cells become less responsive to insulin's signal, leading to higher levels of glucose circulating in the bloodstream.

This condition is a significant risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. When the body's cells are resistant to insulin, the pancreas tries to compensate by producing more insulin. Over time, the pancreas may not be able to keep up with the demand, resulting in persistently elevated blood glucose levels.

Insulin resistance can be influenced by various factors, including genetics, a sedentary lifestyle, excess body weight, particularly abdominal obesity, and poor diet. Other contributing factors can include certain medical conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and the use of some medications.

Symptoms of insulin resistance are often subtle or absent in the early stages, which is why it can go undiagnosed for a long time. However, over the long term, untreated insulin resistance can lead to serious health complications beyond type 2 diabetes, such as cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and certain types of cancer.

Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure glucose and insulin levels, often as part of an oral glucose tolerance test. Management strategies focus on lifestyle modifications, including regular physical activity, weight loss if overweight or obese, and adopting a balanced, healthy diet. In some cases, medication may be prescribed to improve insulin sensitivity.