Inlays

An inlay is a decorative technique in which pieces of contrasting material are set into a base surface so that the surrounding material is flush with the pieces. The goal is to create a design or pattern that appears to be part of the surface rather than attached on top.

Inlay work uses a wide range of materials. Common examples include wood, metal, stone, shell, ivory, glass, and ceramic. In dentistry, inlays are indirect restorations placed in prepared cavities and typically made from porcelain, composite resin, or gold. The term can also apply to artistic and architectural objects where different materials are inlaid to form geometric or figurative imagery.

Techniques and process vary with material and purpose. A design is planned and a cavity or groove is cut into the base material. The inlaid pieces are cut to fit precisely, then set with adhesive or cement and the surface is leveled and finished. Inlays differ from marquetry or intarsia, which apply decorative pieces on the surface rather than insert them into a hollowed cavity.

Applications and history span many cultures. In the decorative arts, inlays are used in furniture, cabinetry, musical instruments, and architectural panels, often highlighting luxury or complexity. Ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians, Greeks, and Mesopotamians produced inlaid objects; the technique evolved through the medieval and Renaissance periods and remains common in traditional crafts and contemporary design. In dentistry, inlays provide restorative options that preserve healthy tooth structure and are chosen for durability and aesthetics.

Care and maintenance depend on material. Wood inlays require stable humidity and protection from moisture; metal inlays may require polishing to prevent tarnish; stone and shell can crack if struck. Dental inlays follow standard dental care and periodic replacement as needed.