Inactivité

Inactivité is the state of not engaging in a given activity or the absence of physical movement. In everyday language, it refers to a lack of action in a domain such as work, leisure, or exercise. In sociology and economics, inactivité also denotes non-participation in the labor force or in social life, distinguishing those who are inactive from those who are employed or actively seeking work.

In health and public health contexts, inactivity commonly refers to sedentary behavior, characterized by low energy expenditure during waking hours. Prolonged inactivity is associated with higher risks of obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and musculoskeletal problems. Public health guidelines typically encourage regular physical activity and reduction of prolonged sedentary time to improve health outcomes.

In economic and social policy, inactivity describes non-participation in the labor market due to retirement, schooling, caregiving, illness, disability, or discouragement. The inactivity rate complements unemployment and labor-force participation statistics and can reflect demographic structures, welfare policies, and cultural norms that influence whether people work or withdraw from work.

Causes of inactivity can include health constraints, environmental barriers, insufficient opportunities for activity or work, and policy design. Inactivity may lead to reduced income, social isolation, and lower quality of life, while intentional increases in activity—whether through healthcare support, education, or infrastructure improvements—can enhance well-being and economic participation.

Terminology and measurement of inactivité vary across languages and contexts, which can complicate comparisons. In all cases, the concept highlights the difference between active participation and withdrawal from a domain, and policies often aim to reduce unnecessary inactivity while respecting individual circumstances.