Impulzivitási

Impulzivitási is the Hungarian term for impulsivity, the tendency to act quickly with little forethought or consideration of consequences. In psychology, impulsivity is regarded as a multidimensional construct that includes several overlapping components: motor impulsivity (acting without thinking), cognitive impulsivity (rapid, less-deliberate information processing), and non-planning impulsivity (a lack of future orientation).

Assessment typically uses self-report scales such as the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) or UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, alongside clinical interviews. Neurobiological research points to a network involving the prefrontal cortex (especially dorsolateral and orbitofrontal regions), the striatum, and dopaminergic and serotonergic systems; developmental maturation during adolescence can influence patterns of impulsive behavior.

Impulsivity is a common feature across several psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), substance use disorders, bipolar disorder, and borderline personality disorder. It can present as a relatively stable trait or vary with mood, stress, sleep, and intoxication. In some contexts, impulsive actions can be adaptive, promoting rapid decisions in uncertain situations.

Treatment and management focus on reducing maladaptive impulsivity through cognitive-behavioral therapies, dialectical behavior therapy for certain disorders, and mindfulness-based approaches; pharmacotherapy may address underlying comorbid conditions (for example, stimulant medications for ADHD) when appropriate. Ongoing research continues to clarify the distinct facets of impulsivity and their relevance to clinical outcomes.