Implantat

An Implantat, or implant, is a medical device placed inside the body to replace a missing biological structure, restore function, or provide long-term support to a damaged tissue or organ. Implants are designed to interact with surrounding tissues and may be permanent or temporary. They can be introduced through surgical procedures or less invasive techniques, depending on design and purpose. In German-speaking contexts, the term Implantat is used; in English, it is commonly called an implant.

Common categories include dental implants, which replace tooth roots and support artificial teeth; orthopedic implants such as joints, plates, and screws used to stabilize bones; and cardiovascular implants like pacemakers, defibrillators, and stents. Neural and sensory implants, including cochlear implants and deep brain stimulators, are used to modulate nerve activity or restore sensory function. Some implants include external components connected to an internal device.

Materials chosen for implants emphasize biocompatibility, strength, and durability. Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used for their ability to bond with bone (osseointegration). Other materials include medical-grade stainless steel, cobalt-chrome alloys, ceramics, and biocompatible polymers. The body’s response ranges from healing and integration to inflammation or infection, requiring careful design, placement, and hygiene.

Regulatory frameworks govern safety and effectiveness, with approvals based on clinical data and postmarket monitoring. Outcomes depend on device type, site, patient health, and adherence to follow-up care. Potential risks include infection, device loosening or failure, allergic reactions, and tissue injury, while benefits may include restored function, pain reduction, and improved quality of life.