Immunitätsprüfungen

Immunitätsprüfungen, also known as immunity tests or susceptibility tests, are a crucial part of ensuring the reliability and robustness of electronic and electrical equipment. These tests evaluate a device's ability to withstand electromagnetic disturbances without malfunctioning. The purpose is to prevent electromagnetic interference from affecting the proper operation of the equipment itself and to ensure it does not emit excessive interference that could affect other devices.

The tests are typically conducted in a controlled laboratory environment that simulates real-world electromagnetic conditions. Common types of immunity tests include those for electrostatic discharge (ESD), electrical fast transients/bursts (EFT/B), surges, conducted disturbances induced by radio-frequency (RF) fields, radiated RF electromagnetic fields, and power frequency magnetic fields. Each test applies a specific type of electromagnetic disturbance to the device under test (DUT) at defined levels and durations.

During an immunity test, the DUT is operated through a range of functional states. The applied disturbance is then introduced, and the device's performance is monitored. Any deviation from its specified performance criteria, such as data corruption, loss of function, or unexpected behavior, indicates a failure in immunity. The results of these tests are used to determine if a product meets relevant electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards. Compliance with these standards is often a legal requirement for placing products on the market.

Immunity testing is vital for a wide array of products, including consumer electronics, industrial machinery, medical devices, and automotive systems. By subjecting equipment to these rigorous tests, manufacturers can identify potential weaknesses and make necessary design improvements, ultimately leading to more dependable and safe products for end-users.