Immobilizálás

Immobilizálás is a term used in various fields, primarily in medicine and chemistry, to describe the process of rendering something immobile or inactive. In a medical context, immobilisation refers to the prevention of movement of a body part, typically to facilitate healing of fractures, sprains, or other injuries. This can be achieved through various methods, including the use of casts, splints, braces, slings, or surgical fixation. The goal of medical immobilisation is to stabilize the injured area, reduce pain, prevent further damage, and allow the tissues to mend properly. Prolonged or improper immobilisation can lead to complications such as muscle atrophy, joint stiffness, and nerve damage, necessitating careful management and timely removal.

In chemistry and biochemistry, immobilisation refers to the physical confinement of a substance, such as an enzyme or a catalyst, to a specific location or support. This technique is employed to prevent the loss of the substance during a reaction, enable its reuse, and sometimes to improve its stability or activity. For enzymes, immobilisation can be achieved through methods like adsorption, covalent bonding, entrapment within a matrix, or cross-linking. Immobilised enzymes are widely used in industrial processes, such as in the food and beverage industry, pharmaceuticals, and in biosensors, offering advantages in terms of process efficiency and cost-effectiveness.