Ilmaistut

Ilmaistut is a term used in Estonian horticulture to describe a propagation or transplanting method in which plant material is established with little or no direct contact with soil. The approach emphasizes an air-based environment, often using misting, humid air, or a lightweight substrate to support rooting and growth. Ilmaistut is related to, but distinct from, traditional soil planting as well as other soilless methods such as aeroponics and hydroponics.

In practice, ilmaistut involves placing cuttings or young plants in perforated containers or supports within a controlled chamber. Nutrients are delivered through a sprinking or misting system, and the plant roots grow into an atmosphere enriched with moisture rather than into soil. Substrates used in these systems are typically inert, such as perlite or rock wool, chosen for their aeration and drainage properties. Temperature, humidity, and light are carefully managed to promote rapid and healthy root development.

The technique is used in nurseries and research settings, particularly for species that root poorly in soil or for procedures that require faster production of uniform stock. Advantages include reduced soil-borne disease pressure, faster rooting, and the ability to closely regulate environmental conditions. Disadvantages include higher initial equipment costs, a greater need for precise environmental control, and potential risks of desiccation or fungal problems if conditions are not maintained.

Ilmaistut sits within a broader family of soilless and air-based propagation methods, including aeroponics and air layering, and is chosen based on species, production goals, and resource availability.