Iiveldusvomitus

Iiveldusvomitus is a term used to describe the co-occurrence of nausea (iiveldus) and vomiting (vomitus). It is not a disease in itself but a symptom complex that can arise from a range of underlying conditions. The phrase appears mainly in medical texts to emphasize both sensations together, sometimes in contexts such as acute illness or clinical assessments.

Common signs and symptoms include a feeling of nausea, an urge to vomit, actual vomiting, abdominal discomfort, sweating, dizziness, and reduced appetite. Vomiting can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances if prolonged. In some cases, accompanying symptoms such as fever, abdominal pain, or confusion may point to a more specific cause.

Causes are broad and can be categorized as gastrointestinal, systemic, or central. Gastrointestinal causes include gastroenteritis, food poisoning, gastritis, and intestinal obstruction. Systemic causes include infections, migraines, pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting, metabolic disorders (for example diabetes or thyroid issues), medication side effects, and postoperative states. Central nervous system conditions, such as migraines or increased intracranial pressure, can also provoke nausea and vomiting.

Diagnosis relies on clinical history and examination. Red flags warranting urgent care include persistent vomiting beyond 24–48 hours, vomiting with blood, severe dehydration, high fever, severe abdominal pain, abnormal mental status, or signs of confusion. Tests may be ordered to identify dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, infection, or pregnancy, if indicated.

Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and addressing the underlying cause. Hydration with oral rehydration solutions or, when necessary, intravenous fluids, is central. Anti-emetic medications (such as those targeting the vomiting reflex) may be used, along with dietary adjustments (small, bland meals). In pregnancy, treatment choices are guided by safety for the fetus. Overall prognosis depends on the underlying condition but is favorable for many self-limited causes.