Ihoallergiatestiä

Ihoallergiatestiä, commonly known as allergy skin testing, is a diagnostic procedure used to identify specific allergens that cause allergic reactions in individuals. It is a widely employed method in allergology to pinpoint the triggers of conditions such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, eczema, and food allergies. The test involves exposing small amounts of suspected allergens to the skin and observing for any localized reactions.

There are two primary types of skin tests: the prick test and the intradermal test. The prick test is the most common. It involves placing a tiny drop of an allergen extract onto the skin, usually on the forearm or back, and then lightly pricking the skin through the drop. If the individual is allergic, a raised, itchy bump, known as a wheal, will appear at the site within 15-20 minutes. The size of the wheal indicates the degree of allergic sensitivity.

The intradermal test is more sensitive and is often used when prick tests are negative but a strong clinical suspicion of allergy remains, or for testing insect venom or certain drug allergies. In this test, a small amount of allergen is injected just beneath the outer layer of the skin using a fine needle. A positive reaction is again indicated by a wheal and flare response.

Before undergoing allergy skin testing, patients are typically advised to avoid certain medications, such as antihistamines, which can interfere with the test results. The procedure is generally safe, with the main risk being a localized allergic reaction at the test site. Severe systemic reactions are rare but can occur, which is why testing is usually performed in a medical setting with trained personnel. The results of the ihoallergiatestiä help clinicians develop a personalized management plan for the patient's allergies.