IOoperatsioonide

IOoperatsioonide, often shortened to I/O operations, refers to the fundamental process of transferring data between a computer's central processing unit (CPU) and the outside world. This "outside world" encompasses a wide range of devices, including storage devices like hard drives and solid-state drives, input devices like keyboards and mice, output devices like monitors and printers, and network interfaces for communication. Every time a program needs to read information from a file, write data to a disk, receive input from a user, or send data over a network, it performs I/O operations.

These operations are typically much slower than the CPU's internal processing speeds. This speed difference can become a bottleneck in system performance. Operating systems are designed to manage I/O operations efficiently, often using techniques like buffering and caching to minimize the impact of this disparity. Buffering involves temporarily storing data in memory before it's transferred, while caching stores frequently accessed data in faster memory locations. Asynchronous I/O is another important concept, allowing a program to initiate an I/O operation and continue with other tasks while the operation completes in the background, rather than waiting idly. Understanding I/O operations is crucial for optimizing application performance and system responsiveness.