IJsbanen

IJsbanen (ice rinks) are facilities designed for skating and other ice sports. They provide a frozen surface either from natural outdoor ice during cold winters or from artificial ice created by refrigeration systems. Many ijsbanen are indoor, but outdoor venues are common in traditional winter climates.

Types include outdoor natural ice rinks that form when temperatures stay below freezing; artificial ice rinks produced by refrigeration systems, which allow all-year operation; indoor arenas; and outdoor seasonal facilities.

Construction and maintenance: The ice surface is kept by refrigeration plants and is resurfaced regularly by ice maintenance machines. The quality depends on temperature, humidity, and airflow; proper maintenance ensures safety and smooth skating. Some rinks also support curling or special configurations for hockey.

Sports and usage: Primary activities include ice hockey, speed skating, figure skating, recreational skating. Public sessions are common; rinks may host national championships and regional competitions; specialized venues serve training programs and youth development.

History and distribution: The concept developed from natural ice in outdoor ponds and canals to purpose-built arenas in the 19th and 20th centuries. IJsbanen are especially associated with winter sports in colder regions, though many facilities exist in temperate zones thanks to artificial ice technology.