IGF1Ec

IGF1Ec, commonly known as mechano growth factor (MGF), is an isoform of insulin-like growth factor 1 produced by alternative splicing of the IGF1 gene. This splicing yields a peptide with a distinct C-terminal sequence, the Ec peptide, setting IGF1Ec apart from other IGF-1 isoforms such as IGF-1Ea and IGF-1Eb.

Expression of IGF1Ec/MGF is associated with skeletal muscle, where it is upregulated in response to mechanical overload and muscle injury. It is thought to act in an autocrine or paracrine manner, influencing the behavior of muscle cells during repair and growth.

Biological activity attributed to IGF1Ec includes promoting proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts and satellite cells, supporting muscle regeneration. The peptide is believed to signal through the IGF-1 receptor and to activate downstream pathways such as PI3K-Akt and MAPK, although the precise mechanisms and receptor interactions remain the subject of ongoing investigation.

Research status and applications: Most evidence comes from cell culture and animal models. Human data are limited, and there are no approved IGF1Ec-based therapies. Potential applications discussed in the literature include treatment of muscle atrophy, injury, and degenerative muscle diseases, but clinical efficacy and safety require further study. Challenges include delivery, stability, and potential off-target effects.

Safety and regulation: IGF-1 signaling variants can influence growth and cellular proliferation and may carry risks if misused. IGF1Ec peptides have been encountered in discussions of sports doping, and regulatory perspectives generally discourage unapproved use.

See also: IGF-1, Mechano growth factor, IGF1 gene