Hüsteroskoopial

Hüsteroskoopial refers to anything pertaining to hysteroscopy, the medical examination of the uterine cavity using a hysteroscope. The term is used in some languages as an adjective describing techniques, findings, or procedures connected with hysteroscopy.

Hysteroscopy involves inserting a slender endoscope through the vagina and cervix into the uterus, often with a distention medium to widen the cavity. Modern systems use rigid or flexible scopes with a light source and camera, allowing direct visualization, biopsy, and various operative interventions.

Indications include evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility workups, recurrent miscarriage, and assessment of intrauterine lesions such as polyps, submucous fibroids, or intrauterine adhesions. It can be diagnostic or therapeutic, enabling removal of polyps, resection of fibroids, or adhesiolysis under direct vision.

Contraindications and risks: pregnancy, active pelvic infection, or conditions that increase the risk of uterine perforation. Risks include vaginal or cervical injury, uterine perforation, infection, bleeding, and fluid overload or electrolyte imbalance from distention media. Most procedures are well tolerated with appropriate anesthesia or analgesia.

Equipment and technique: a hysteroscope with a rigid or flexible sheath, a light source, and sometimes video imaging; distention media—most commonly isotonic saline; and ancillary instruments such as graspers, forceps, scissors, or a resection device. Diagnostic hysteroscopy can be performed in-office or with light anesthesia; operative hysteroscopy typically requires anesthesia.

Outcomes and limitations: hysteroscopy provides direct visualization with high diagnostic accuracy and enables many same-session treatments. Limitations include equipment availability, operator experience, and patient factors such as cervical access or uterine anatomy.

History: the procedure evolved in the 20th century from early endoscopic techniques to modern video-assisted hysteroscopy, now a routine tool in gynecology.