Húgyhólyagtúlmködés

Húgyhólyagtúlműködés, or overactive bladder (OAB) in English, is a medical condition characterized by a sudden, strong urge to urinate that is difficult to control. This urge often leads to frequent urination, and sometimes to urinary incontinence, which is the involuntary leakage of urine. OAB is not a disease itself, but rather a set of symptoms that can significantly impact a person's quality of life.

The exact cause of OAB is not always clear, but it is often associated with nerve signals that cause the bladder muscle to contract involuntarily, even when the bladder is not full. Factors that can contribute to OAB include aging, certain neurological conditions like Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis, urinary tract infections, and even constipation. In some cases, lifestyle factors such as excessive caffeine or alcohol intake can exacerbate the symptoms.

Diagnosis typically involves a review of medical history, a physical examination, and possibly urine tests to rule out infection. Urodynamic studies may be performed to assess bladder function more thoroughly. Treatment options for OAB are varied and aim to reduce the urgency and frequency of urination. These can include behavioral therapies such as bladder training and pelvic floor muscle exercises, medications to relax the bladder muscle, and in more severe or resistant cases, minimally invasive procedures or surgery. Lifestyle modifications, like adjusting fluid intake or avoiding bladder irritants, can also be beneficial.