Hörselbortfall

Hörselbortfall, also known as hearing loss, refers to a partial or complete inability to hear. It can affect one or both ears and range from mild to profound. Hörselbortfall can be congenital, meaning present at birth, or acquired later in life.

The causes of hörselbortfall are diverse. They can include genetic factors, infections such as measles or meningitis, exposure to loud noise over prolonged periods, aging, certain medications, and physical injuries to the ear or head. Blockages in the ear canal, such as earwax buildup or foreign objects, can also cause temporary hearing loss.

There are three main types of hörselbortfall: conductive, sensorineural, and mixed. Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound waves are blocked from entering the outer or middle ear. Sensorineural hearing loss involves damage to the inner ear (cochlea) or the auditory nerve. Mixed hearing loss is a combination of both conductive and sensorineural types.

Symptoms of hörselbortfall can vary. They may include difficulty understanding speech, especially in noisy environments, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), a feeling of fullness in the ear, or a complete lack of hearing.

Diagnosis typically involves a medical history, physical examination of the ear, and hearing tests conducted by an audiologist. These tests, such as audiometry, help determine the type and degree of hearing loss.

Treatment options depend on the cause and type of hörselbortfall. For conductive hearing loss, medical or surgical interventions may be effective. Sensorineural hearing loss is often managed with hearing aids, cochlear implants, or other assistive listening devices. Early detection and intervention are crucial for maximizing the benefits of treatment and improving quality of life.