Hánytatás

Hánytatás, also known as induced vomiting or emesis, is the act of causing a person or animal to vomit. Historically, it has been used as a medical intervention for poisoning, where the aim is to remove ingested toxic substances from the stomach before they can be absorbed into the bloodstream. The administration of emetics, substances that induce vomiting, can be done through various methods, including orally or intravenously.

In cases of suspected poisoning, the decision to induce vomiting is typically made by medical professionals. They assess the type of substance ingested, the amount, and the time elapsed since ingestion. Certain poisons are corrosive and can cause further damage to the esophagus and mouth if vomited, making induced vomiting an inappropriate or even dangerous treatment. Similarly, if the person is unconscious or has lost their gag reflex, inducing vomiting can lead to aspiration, where vomit enters the lungs, causing serious complications like pneumonia.

While historically a common practice, the use of ipecac syrup, a widely available emetic for home use, has significantly declined. Many medical organizations now advise against its routine use due to concerns about its efficacy and potential for harm. Current medical guidelines often favor other methods of decontamination, such as activated charcoal or gastric lavage, depending on the specific circumstances. In veterinary medicine, induced vomiting may still be employed in certain poisoning cases, but always under the guidance of a veterinarian.