Hálóz

Hálóz is not a standard standalone term in Hungarian; the common word for the concept is hálózat, meaning network. The form hálóz may appear as a stem in compounds or as a misspelling in informal text, and in some contexts it can function as a proper noun. In general, the term points to the idea of interconnected elements forming a system.

A hálózat consists of nodes and links. Nodes are the individual units or points, while links are the connections between them. The arrangement of links, or topology, determines how information, goods, or influence can flow through the system. Networks can be physical, such as computer networks or transportation grids, or abstract, such as social networks or metabolic pathways. The study of networks, called network theory, examines how structure affects function.

Types of networks include computer networks (local and wide area networks, the Internet), social networks (relationships among people or organizations), transportation networks (roads, railways, air routes), and biological networks (genetic, protein interaction, metabolic) as well as neural or artificial neural networks used in machine learning. Common properties include connectivity, average path length, degree distribution, clustering, and centrality measures that identify influential nodes.

Design and operation of networks involve choosing an appropriate topology (for example, star, mesh, ring, tree, or hybrid forms), addressing scalability, reliability, and security, and applying standards and protocols to manage data transmission and routing. Challenges in modern networks include ensuring privacy, reducing latency, maintaining resilience to failures, and protecting against cyber threats.