Hypotireoidisuus

Hypotireoidisuus, also known as an underactive thyroid, is a medical condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. These hormones are essential for regulating the body's metabolism, influencing energy levels, body temperature, and the function of many organs. When thyroid hormone levels are too low, many bodily functions slow down.

The symptoms of hypothyroidism can vary widely and often develop gradually, making them easy to overlook initially. Common signs include fatigue, increased sensitivity to cold, constipation, dry skin, unexplained weight gain, puffy face, hoarseness, muscle weakness, and elevated blood cholesterol levels. In more severe or untreated cases, it can lead to a condition called myxedema, characterized by severe swelling and cognitive impairment.

Hypothyroidism can be caused by several factors. The most common cause in many parts of the world is an autoimmune disorder called Hashimoto's thyroiditis, where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland. Other causes include thyroid surgery, radiation therapy to the neck, certain medications, and iodine deficiency, although this is less common in areas where iodine is added to salt. Congenital hypothyroidism, present at birth, can also occur.

Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that measure levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones like thyroxine (T4). High TSH levels usually indicate that the thyroid is not producing enough hormones. Treatment involves hormone replacement therapy, most commonly with a synthetic thyroid hormone called levothyroxine. This medication is taken daily and aims to restore hormone levels to normal, alleviating symptoms. Regular monitoring of thyroid hormone levels is necessary to ensure the correct dosage.