Hyposensitisaatio

Hyposensitisaatio, also known as immunotherapy or allergy shots, is a medical treatment designed to reduce an individual's allergic response to specific allergens. It involves the gradual administration of increasing doses of the allergen to which the patient is sensitive. This process is believed to desensitize the immune system, making it less reactive to the allergen over time.

The treatment typically begins with a very low dose of the allergen, administered subcutaneously (under the skin). The dosage is then slowly increased over a period of weeks or months, with regular injections. The frequency and dosage schedule are tailored to each individual patient and their specific allergies. Once a maintenance dose is reached, injections are usually given less frequently, often monthly, for several years.

Hyposensitisaatio is primarily used for treating severe allergies that significantly impact a patient's quality of life and do not respond adequately to conventional medications like antihistamines or corticosteroids. It is particularly effective for allergies to insect stings, pollens, dust mites, and pet dander. The goal of the treatment is to induce a state of tolerance, thereby reducing or eliminating allergic symptoms such as sneezing, itching, hives, and anaphylaxis. While generally safe, potential side effects can include localized reactions at the injection site, and in rare cases, systemic allergic reactions. Therefore, it is crucial that the treatment is administered and monitored by a qualified healthcare professional.