Hyperkreatininemia

Hyperkreatininemia refers to an elevated level of creatinine in the blood. Creatinine is a waste product produced by normal muscle metabolism. It is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in urine. When kidney function is impaired, creatinine cannot be efficiently removed from the blood, leading to higher levels.

Several factors can contribute to hyperkreatininemia. The most common cause is reduced kidney function, such as that seen in chronic kidney disease or acute kidney injury. Other conditions that can affect muscle mass or metabolism, such as strenuous exercise, rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown), or certain medications, can also temporarily or chronically increase creatinine levels. Dehydration can also concentrate blood, making creatinine levels appear higher.

Symptoms of hyperkreatininemia are often related to the underlying cause. If the cause is impaired kidney function, symptoms might include fatigue, swelling in the legs and feet, changes in urination patterns, and nausea. However, mild elevations in creatinine may not cause any noticeable symptoms.

Diagnosis of hyperkreatininemia is made through a blood test measuring creatinine levels. Doctors will also consider other laboratory tests, such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), to assess kidney function. Medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies may also be used to determine the cause of the elevated creatinine.

Treatment for hyperkreatininemia focuses on addressing the underlying cause. If kidney disease is the cause, management may involve medications to control blood pressure and diabetes, dietary changes, and fluid management. In cases of acute kidney injury, treatment might focus on supporting kidney function and removing potential toxins. If medications are contributing, adjusting or discontinuing them may be necessary.