Hypereosinophilie

Hypereosinophilia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high number of eosinophils in the blood. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that plays a role in the immune system, particularly in combating parasitic infections and allergic reactions. When their numbers become excessively elevated, it can lead to various health problems.

The exact cause of hypereosinophilia is not always clear, and it can be primary, meaning it originates from a problem within the bone marrow itself, often a clonal disorder. Secondary hypereosinophilia is more common and arises in response to other conditions. These can include severe allergic diseases like asthma and eczema, certain infections, parasitic infestations, and some cancers. In a significant number of cases, no underlying cause can be identified, and this is termed idiopathic hypereosinophilia.

Symptoms of hypereosinophilia vary widely depending on the organs affected by the elevated eosinophil count. These can include skin rashes, fever, weight loss, fatigue, cough, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, and neurological symptoms. The long-term presence of high eosinophil levels can cause damage to organs such as the heart, lungs, skin, and nervous system, leading to serious complications.

Diagnosis involves a complete blood count to confirm the elevated eosinophil levels. Further investigations, such as bone marrow biopsies, allergy testing, imaging studies, and assays for specific markers, are often necessary to determine the underlying cause. Treatment strategies are aimed at reducing the eosinophil count and managing any organ damage. This may involve corticosteroids, targeted therapies, chemotherapy, or treatment of the underlying condition if identified.