Hygrocybe

Hygrocybe is a genus of fungi in the family Hygrophoraceae, commonly known as waxcaps. The fruit bodies are notable for their bright, often saturated colors and a waxy, moist texture. The gills are typically thick and decurrent, and the cap surfaces are moist or viscid when fresh, contributing to the characteristic waxy feel implied by the name.

Description

Caps vary in size and shape, from convex to broadly bell-shaped, and may be smooth or slightly iridescent. Colors range across red, orange, yellow, green, and purple, with banding or color fading in some species. The gills are waxy and often run down the stem (decurrent). The spore print is generally white. Stipes are typically slender to stout, matching or lighter than the cap color.

Ecology and habitat

Most Hygrocybe species are saprotrophic, feeding on decaying plant material such as grass litter, leaf litter, and moss. They are commonly found in grasslands and mossy habitats, including unimproved, long-established meadows and pastures, as well as woodlands. Due to their reliance on relatively undisturbed habitats, waxcaps are often used as indicators of ecological value and habitat continuity.

Distribution and diversity

The genus is globally distributed with a notable concentration of species in temperate regions. Estimates of species numbers vary, but Hygrocybe comprises a diverse group with ongoing taxonomic work leading to new descriptions, particularly in Europe and North America.

Taxonomy and edibility

Identification typically requires microscopic examination of spores and other features, as field characteristics can be variable and misleading. Edibility varies by species; some may be eaten but reliable identification is essential, and many waxcaps are not considered desirable for foraging due to rarity, variability, and potential misidentification.