Hydroxyloma

Hydroxyloma is a rare, benign tumor that arises from the adrenal glands, specifically from the zona fasciculata. It is characterized by the accumulation of hydroxylated steroids, primarily 11-deoxycorticosterone, within the tumor cells. The exact cause of hydroxyloma is unknown, but it is believed to be related to an abnormality in the metabolism of cholesterol, leading to the overproduction of hydroxylated steroids.

Hydroxyloma typically presents as an incidental finding on imaging studies performed for unrelated reasons. Symptoms are usually absent or mild and may include hypertension, virilization, and Cushing's syndrome. The diagnosis of hydroxyloma is typically made through imaging studies, such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which may show a well-defined, non-enhancing mass in the adrenal gland. Biochemical testing, including measurement of serum cortisol and adrenal steroid metabolites, may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

The treatment of hydroxyloma is generally not required, as the tumor is benign and often asymptomatic. However, in cases where symptoms are present or the tumor is large, surgical removal may be considered. Postoperative follow-up is typically recommended to monitor for recurrence. The prognosis for patients with hydroxyloma is generally good, with a low risk of recurrence.